Capital of New Zealand: Wellington
New Zealand consists of two main islands: the North Island and the South Island. It has around 600 smaller islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 268,021 square kilometers and a population of about 5 million people. They come from diverse ethnic backgrounds: Europeans, Maori, Pacific Islanders, British, and others.
History of New Zealand
In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to discover New Zealand. He named it Staten Land. Dutch cartographers renamed the area Nova Zeelandia in 1645 after the Dutch province of Zeeland. Afterwards, the British explorer James Cook changed the name to New Zealand.
The Treaty of Waitangi serves as the foundational document of New Zealand. The name of this document comes from the location in the Bay of Islands where it was initially signed on February 6th, 1840. This day has been designated as a public holiday in New Zealand. The Treaty is a formal agreement that was established between the British Crown and approximately 540 Māori rangatira (chiefs), written in both Māori and English.
New Zealand is making efforts to use advanced technologies and keep the environment clean, aiming for zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Major cities in New Zealand:
New Zealand has some of the top-rated “liveable” cities in the world. Besides the capital, Wellington, there are other popular destinations, like:
- Auckland: the largest city in New Zealand, is celebrated for its lively cityscape, rich cultural heritage, and stunning harbors.
- Christchurch: the largest city in the South Island, renowned for its rich English heritage and stunning gardens.
- Hamilton: located in the beautiful Waikato region and is renowned for its excellent education institutions and stunning gardens.
- Dunedin: situated in the Otago region and is renowned for its rich Scottish heritage and lively student community.
- Queenstown: a charming resort town located on the South Island. It is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and is a popular destination for adventure tourism.
- Rotorua: famous for its geothermal attractions and rich Maori culture.
Weather and Environment of New Zealand
Two-thirds of the New Zealand area is a combination of mountains, hills, and a few plains, resulting from earth movements. Because earthquakes occur frequently in the northern central region, there are distinctive volcanic eruptions. It consists of sixteen regions, listed as follows:
- Auckland
- Bay of Plenty
- Canterbury
- Gisborne
- Hawke’s bay
- Manawatu
- Marlborough
- Otago
- Southland
- Taranaki
- Tasman
- Nelson
- Waikato
- Wellington
- West Coast
- Northland
There are regional differences, with the South Island generally having a cooler climate compared to the North Island. Coastal areas generally experience more moderate temperatures in comparison to inland and alpine regions. Typically, New Zealand has a moderate maritime climate with clear seasons.
- Summer (December to February): Temperatures during this season are warm, typically ranging from 20–30 °C (68–86°F). With the arrival of longer daylight hours, people are eager to engage in various outdoor activities.
- Autumn (March to May): Temperatures range from 15–25 °C (59–77 °F). The vibrant colors of autumn leaves and the shorter days.
- Winter (June to August): Temperatures during this season are cooler, typically ranging from 5–15 °C (41–59 °F). Snowfall is common in mountainous regions, particularly in the southern areas.
- Spring (September to November): Temperatures will vary between 10–20°C (50–68 °F). The lengthening of daylight hours and the emergence of blooming flowers.